Bladder cancer ranked eighth of the commonest male cancer in Hong Kong 2001. This, bladder cancer tends to present early, thanks to the screening test for the presence of blood in urine (hematuria). Blood in urine without pain is a common finding. The initial diagnosis requires a endoscopic examination of the bladder (cystoscopy), with biopsy of the tumour. When proven, further staging investigations such as a CT scan is required. For early and non invasive bladder cancer, additional courses of chemotherapy/ immunotherapy for local delivery into the bladder may be necessary for disease control. Subsequent regular endoscopic examination of the bladder is mandatory. For invasive bladder cancer, the therapeutic options are total removal of the bladder or radical radiotherapy. Which is the best option depends on the type of bladder cancer, the age of the patient and the condition of the patient.
At our clinic, one -stop comprehensive assessment is provided for patients with suspected bladder cancer. The following tests may be required after your consultation with our urologists:
- Ultrasound scan
- Urine cytology, urine microscopy and culture
- Renal function test, complete blood count, serum albumin
- CT imaging of the urinary tract
- PET scan whole body
Source: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438262-overview